Novel prosthetic ligament repair of a shoulder luxation in a cat using a bone anchor and ligament prosthesis.

Case summary: A 7-year-old male castrated Ragdoll cat was presented for chronic shoulder instability after a previous medial luxation of the right shoulder. Upon examination, there was palpable instability of the glenohumeral joint and an increased abduction angle. Surgical stabilisation was elected due to lameness and instability after closed reduction, rest and medical management. A low-profile bone-anchor and a ligament prosthesis were used to stabilise the glenohumeral joint with minimal disruption to the cat's natural shoulder stabilisers. Clinical signs resolved after surgery and the cat remained non-symptomatic at the 12-month follow-up. Relevance and novel information: Feline shoulder luxation is rarely described in the veterinary literature. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing stabilisation of the glenohumeral joint in a cat using a bone anchor and a ligament prosthesis.

Serum proteome profiles in cats with chronic enteropathies.

BACKGROUND: Serum protein biomarkers are used to diagnose, monitor treatment response, and to differentiate various forms of chronic enteropathies (CE) in humans. The utility of liquid biopsy proteomic approaches has not been examined in cats. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To explore the serum proteome in cats to identify markers differentiating healthy cats from cats with CE. ANIMALS: Ten cats with CE with signs of gastrointestinal disease of at least 3 weeks duration, and biopsy-confirmed diagnoses, with or without treatment and 19 healthy cats were included. METHODS: Cross-sectional, multicenter, exploratory study with cases recruited from 3 veterinary hospitals between May 2019 and November 2020. Serum samples were analyzed and evaluated using mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques. RESULTS: Twenty-six proteins were significantly (P < .02, ≥5-fold change in abundance) differentially expressed between cats with CE and controls. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) was identified with >50-fold increase in abundance in cats with CE (P < 0.001) compared to healthy cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Damage to the gut lining released marker proteins of chronic inflammation that were detectable in serum samples of cats. This early-stage exploratory study strongly supports THBS1 as a candidate biomarker for chronic inflammatory enteropathy in cats.

Serum proteome of dogs with chronic enteropathy.

BACKGROUND: Chronic enteropathy (CE) is common in dogs and can occur with multiple etiologies including food-responsive enteropathy (FRE) and idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE: To study the protein profile and pathway differences among dogs with FRE, IBD, and healthy controls using serum proteome analysis. ANIMALS: Nine CE dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease and histologically confirmed chronic inflammatory enteropathy and 16 healthy controls. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with cases recruited from 2 veterinary hospitals between May 2019 and November 2020 was performed. Serum samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques. RESULTS: Proteomic profiles showed marked variation in relative protein abundances. Forty-five proteins were significantly (P ≤ .01) differentially expressed among the dogs with CE and controls with ≥2-fold change in abundance. The fold change of dogs with IBD normalized to controls was more pronounced for the majority of proteins than that seen in the dogs with FRE normalized to control dogs. Proteins involving reactive oxygen species, cytokine activation, acute phase response signaling, and lipid metabolism were altered in dogs with CE. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Cytokine alterations, acute phase response signaling, and lipid metabolism are likely involved in pathogenesis of CE. Although there are insufficient current data to justify the use of proteomic biomarkers for assessment of CE in dogs, our study identifies potential candidates.

Corneal Epithelial Immune Dendritic Cell Alterations in Subtypes of Dry Eye Disease: A Pilot In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate density and morphology of corneal epithelial immune dendritic cells (DCs) in different subtypes of dry eye disease (DED) using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). METHODS: This retrospective study included 59 eyes of 37 patients with DED and 40 eyes of 20 age-matched healthy controls. Based on clinical tests, eyes with DED were categorized into two subtypes: aqueous-deficient (n = 35) and evaporative (n = 24). For all subjects, images of laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of the central cornea were analyzed for DC density and DC morphology (DC size, number of dendrites, and DC field). These DC parameters were compared among all dry eye and control groups. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, patients with DED had significantly higher DC density, larger DC size, higher number of dendrites, and larger DC field (all P < 0.001). Comparison between aqueous-deficient and evaporative subtypes demonstrated that DC density was significantly higher in aqueous-deficient subtype (189.8 ± 36.9 vs. 58.9 ± 9.4 cells/mm2, P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in morphologic parameters between DED subtypes. When aqueous-deficient DED with underlying systemic immune disease (Sjögren's syndrome and graft versus host disease) were compared with nonimmune conditions, the immunologic subgroup showed significantly higher DC density, DC size, and number of dendrites (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal IVCM demonstrated differential changes in DC density and morphologic DC parameters between subtypes of DED. These changes, which reflect the degree of immune activation and inflammation in DED, can be used for clinical practice and endpoints in clinical trials.